Policy Opinion Survey in India: Real Respondents and Fair Wording
Survey Indian consumers on a government policy such as E20 petrol: five things to measure, neutral wording, a question bank and what real respondents means.
In shortTo survey Indians on a government policy, recruit adults the policy affects, measure awareness, experience, fairness, trust and choice as separate questions, and write neutral wording. Hercules Works ran one on E20 petrol with 497 motorists on the SuperJ app. An app-based panel gives verified, real respondents but not a nationally representative sample, so report results as directional. For national estimates, use a probability sample.
Contents
- Opinion on a Policy Is Five Questions, Not One
- Measure Five Things Separately
- Write Neutral Questions
- A Question Bank You Can Adapt
- Real Respondents Are Not the Same as a Representative Sample
- Which Route Fits Which Job
- Consent, Privacy and Publication
- Running This Study on Hercules
- Frequently asked questions
- Related guides
Opinion on a Policy Is Five Questions, Not One
A founder, a think tank or a journalist who wants Indian opinion on a policy usually asks for two things: a survey draft and real Indian respondents. The draft is the easier part. The harder part is wording the questions so the result is believable, and being honest about who the respondents represent.
This guide uses E20 petrol as the worked example, because we ran a study on it and published the report. The question bank is illustrative. The figures quoted from the E20 study come from that report and describe the 497 motorists who answered, not the whole country.
Measure Five Things Separately
A policy survey that asks "Do you support X?" collapses five different questions into one. Ask them apart, in this order, so each answer does not colour the next.
| Layer | What it asks | E20 petrol example |
|---|---|---|
| Awareness | Have you heard of it, and what do you think it is? | Heard of E20 petrol before this survey |
| Experience | What happened to you personally? | Mileage, power or starting problems since the rollout |
| Fairness | Is the cost to you reasonable for the stated benefit? | Is the current price fair for the fuel you get |
| Trust | Do you believe the reasons given? | Who benefits most from the policy |
| Choice | What would you want instead? | Would you want a separate nozzle for pure petrol |
Our own E20 study asked these layers of 497 motorists on the SuperJ app in April 2026. Of them, 74.4% were highly aware of E20 (top two boxes, 370 of 497), 62.4% reported a specific grievance since the rollout (310), 77.5% rejected the current pricing (385) and 73.0% would pay more for a pure-petrol option (363). These are stated perceptions, not measured fuel performance. Read the full report.
Write Neutral Questions
Leading wording is the most common fault in opinion surveys. Rewrite each draft question until a person on either side of the issue could answer it without feeling pushed. The examples are illustrative.
| Leading | Neutral |
|---|---|
| Do you support the government's environmentally beneficial E20 policy? | How much do you support or oppose the government's move to blend 20% ethanol in petrol? |
| Don't you agree E20 harms engines? | Since E20 petrol became available, has your vehicle's performance got better, stayed the same or got worse? |
| How much do you appreciate cheaper fuel? | How would you describe the price you pay for petrol today? |
- Use a balanced scale with a midpoint and a "don't know" option.
- Ask about experience before opinion, and facts before judgement.
- Give a short, neutral description of the policy once, then ask.
- Randomise the order of answer options where order is not natural.
- Ask one idea per question.
A Question Bank You Can Adapt
This is a starting bank for a short survey. Replace E20 with your policy. It is illustrative, not a validated instrument.
| # | Block | Question | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Screener | In the last 3 months, did you buy petrol for a vehicle, from a list that includes other purchases? | Single choice |
| 2 | Screener | Which vehicle do you or your household use most? | Single choice |
| 3 | Awareness | Before today, how much had you heard about E20 petrol? | 5-point scale |
| 4 | Awareness | Where did you first hear about it? | Multi-select |
| 5 | Experience | Since E20 became available near you, what changes have you noticed, if any? | Multi-select with "none" |
| 6 | Experience | How sure are you that the change comes from the fuel? | 5-point scale |
| 7 | Fairness | How fair or unfair is the current price for the fuel you get? | 5-point scale |
| 8 | Trust | How much do you trust the information you have received about E20? | 5-point scale |
| 9 | Choice | If pumps offered two fuels at different prices, which would you choose? | Single choice |
| 10 | Opinion | How much do you support or oppose the policy? | 5-point scale |
| 11 | Why | In your own words, what is the main reason for your answer to question 10? | Open text |
| 12 | Profile | City, age band, gender and vehicle type | Single choice |
Put opinion (question 10) after experience, fairness and trust. If you ask it first, later answers tend to defend it.
Real Respondents Are Not the Same as a Representative Sample
"Actual Indian users" means two checks. First, each answer comes from a real, unique person. Ask a platform how it verifies identity, removes duplicates and flags speeders and straight-lining. Second, the people must resemble the population you describe. That is a sampling question, and verification does not answer it.
An app-based panel reaches smartphone users only. Our E20 sample had 497 motorists, of whom 493 were men and 4 were women, and it leaned towards Tier 1 and 2 cities. That is normal for a fuel survey, but it means the results describe those motorists, not all Indian drivers. State the sample in the first paragraph of any write-up.
| Responses | Margin of error (95%, share near 50%, simple random sample) |
|---|---|
| 100 | ±9.8 points |
| 400 | ±4.9 points |
| 1,000 | ±3.1 points |
A panel is not a simple random sample, so these margins are the best case. If you need a national estimate for a regulator, a newspaper or a court, use a probability sample and publish the method. The political survey guide covers the rules on publishing poll results.
Which Route Fits Which Job
| Job | Route | What to ask the provider |
|---|---|---|
| Directional read from affected consumers | Online consumer panel, self-serve | Feasibility count, verification, quality checks |
| National estimate of public opinion | Probability sample or omnibus from a research firm | Sampling frame, weights, fieldwork dates |
| Opinion of people you already reach | Your own email or WhatsApp lists | Consent, duplicates, who is missing |
| Rural and older respondents | Face-to-face fieldwork, then online for the rest | Interviewers, languages, supervision |
Mixing routes is common. Run a panel survey for speed and a probability sample for the headline number, and say which is which.
Consent, Privacy and Publication
Follow the ICC/ESOMAR Code on voluntary participation, privacy and not misleading respondents or readers. Collect only what you need. Do not ask for personal identifiers in an opinion survey. Our panel keeps respondents anonymous to researchers and never collects religion, caste or sexuality. If you plan to publish, state the sample, dates, question wording and the limits of the method.
Running This Study on Hercules
If your job is a directional opinion survey of affected consumers in India, this is the E20-style study at list price. The AI survey builder can draft the screener and neutral wording from your brief, and you edit it by conversation.
| Step | Plan | Responses | Price per response | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test the questionnaire | Free | 30 | ₹0 | ₹0 |
| Small pilot | Plus | 100 | ₹150 | ₹15,000 |
| Main study | Pro | 400 | ₹120 | ₹48,000 |
Pro is sold in bundles of 400 to 1,000 responses and costs 20% less per response than Plus. Enterprise plans come with a dedicated research team and are priced on request.
The SuperJ network has a 25M+ consumer footprint. The survey-eligible panel is a subset, and availability depends on your targeting. Members complete Aadhaar-based KYC once, and each study receives a zero-knowledge proof of verification. Surveys run in as many Indian languages as the study needs. Quality checks flag speeders, straight-lining and inconsistent answers. Read /panel-methodology and pricing.
The limit: the app reaches smartphone users only, so offline households need face-to-face fieldwork.
Frequently asked questions
Can I run a survey about a government policy with real Indian respondents?
Yes. Recruit adults the policy affects, confirm that with a screener, and ask each respondent only once. Ask the platform how it verifies identity and removes duplicates. Report the sample honestly, because real respondents are not automatically representative.
How many respondents do I need for a policy survey?
For a share near 50% in a simple random sample, 400 responses give about ±4.9 points and 1,000 give about ±3.1 points. An app-based panel is not a random sample, so read those as the best case and treat subgroup results as directional.
Is a panel survey representative of India?
No. An app-based panel reaches smartphone users and may lean towards some cities and genders. Use it for a directional read of affected consumers. Use a probability sample for a national estimate.
How do I avoid leading questions?
Use balanced scales with a midpoint, describe the policy neutrally once, ask about experience before opinion and have someone who disagrees with you read the draft. Pilot it on a small group first.
How do I measure citizens' awareness of a government scheme?
Ask awareness first with no description, then show a neutral description and ask about use, experience and trust. Recruit the people the scheme is meant for, screen on eligibility, and report awareness separately from support.
Can I publish the results?
You can publish if you state the sample, dates, wording and limits. Election-related polls carry extra rules, covered in the political survey guide.
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